News Release

Cisco Systems Reports Q4 and Fiscal Year 2008 Earnings

Q4 Net Sales: $10.4 billion (increase of 10% year over year)
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  • Q4 Net Sales: $10.4 billion (increase of 10% year over year)
  • Q4 Net Income: $2.0 billion GAAP; $2.4 billion non-GAAP
  • Q4 Earnings per Share: $0.33 GAAP (increase of 6% year over year); $0.40 non-GAAP (increase of 11% year over year)
  • FY 2008 Net Sales: $39.5 billion (increase of 13% year over year)
  • FY 2008 Net Income: $8.1 billion GAAP; $9.6 billion non-GAAP
  • FY 2008 Earnings per Share: $1.31 GAAP (increase of 12% year over year); $1.56 non-GAAP (increase of 16% year over year)

SAN JOSE, Calif. - August 5, 2008 - Cisco, the worldwide leader in networking that transforms how people connect, communicate and collaborate, today reported its fourth quarter and fiscal year results for the period ended July 26, 2008. Cisco reported fourth quarter net sales of $10.4 billion, net income on a generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) basis of $2.0 billion or $0.33 per share, and non-GAAP net income of $2.4 billion or $0.40 per share.

"Cisco delivered solid quarterly and annual results as network-enabled business process changes and productivity increases gain traction on a global basis," said John Chambers, chairman and CEO, Cisco. "Today's strong results demonstrate the company's ability to execute. The market is clearly in transition, and we will use this time as an opportunity to expand our share of customer spend and to aggressively move into market adjacencies."

Chambers continued, "Our focus is on our portfolio approach to technology innovation, a broad global footprint, and management dedicated to sustainable differentiation and execution. We believe we are entering the next phase of the Internet as growth and productivity will center on collaboration enabled by networked Web 2.0 technologies."

Q4 GAAP Results
Q4 2008
Q4 2007
Vs. Q4 2007
Net Sales
$10.4 billion
$9.4 billion
+9.9%
Net Income
$2.0 billion
$1.9 billion
+4.4%
Earnings per Share
$0.33
$0.31
+6.5%

Q4 Non-GAAP Results
Q4 2008
Q4 2007
Vs. Q4 2007
Net Income
$2.4 billion
$2.3 billion
+ 5.6%
Earnings per Share
$0.40
$0.36
+11.1%
Fiscal Year GAAP Results
FY 2008
FY 2007
Vs. FY 2007
Net Sales
$39.5 billion
$34.9 billion
+13.2%
Net Income
$8.1 billion
$7.3 billion
+ 9.8%
Earnings per Share
$1.31
$1.17
+12.0%

Fiscal Year Non-GAAP Results
FY 2008
FY 2007
Vs. FY 2007
Net Income
$9.6 billion
$8.4 billion
+14.5%
Earnings per Share
$1.56
$1.34
+16.4%

A reconciliation between GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income is provided in the table on page 7.

Cisco will discuss fourth quarter and fiscal year 2008 results and business outlook on a conference call and webcast at 1:30 p.m. Pacific Time today. Call information and related charts are available at http://investor.cisco.com.

Other Financial Highlights

  • Cash flows from operations were $3.5 billion for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008, compared with $2.7 billion for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007, and compared with $3.0 billion for the third quarter of fiscal 2008. Cash flows from operations were $12.1 billion for fiscal 2008, compared with $10.1 billion for fiscal 2007.
  • Cash and cash equivalents and investments were $26.2 billion at the end of fiscal 2008, compared with $22.3 billion at the end of fiscal 2007, and compared with $24.4 billion at the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2008.
  • During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008, Cisco repurchased 54 million shares of common stock at an average price of $25.11 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $1.35 billion. During fiscal 2008, Cisco repurchased 372 million shares of common stock at an average price of $27.80 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $10.4 billion. As of July 26, 2008, Cisco had repurchased and retired 2.6 billion shares of Cisco common stock at an average price of $20.60 per share for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $53.6 billion since the inception of the stock repurchase program. The remaining authorized repurchase amount as of July 26, 2008 was $8.4 billion with no termination date.
  • Days sales outstanding in accounts receivable (DSO) at the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008 were 34 days, compared with 38 days at the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007, and compared with 39 days at the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2008.
  • Inventory turns on a GAAP basis were 11.8 in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008, compared with 10.3 in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007, and compared with 11.0 in the third quarter of fiscal 2008. Non-GAAP inventory turns were 11.5 in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008, compared with 10.1 in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007, and compared with 10.7 in the third quarter of fiscal 2008.

"We are very pleased to deliver the first $10 billion quarter in the company's history," said Frank Calderoni, chief financial officer, Cisco. "Cisco's ability to deliver solid financial results, with excellent cash flow and a strong book to bill during a quarter of somewhat uncertain macro-economic conditions in our largest geographies illustrates the power of our business model. We believe this will enable us to take advantage of market transitions and drive toward our long-term growth objectives."

Select FY'08 Business Highlights

  • Cisco unveiled its state-of-the-art Globalisation Centre East campus in Bangalore at an opening ceremony presided over by former Indian President Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam and Chambers.
  • Cisco announced the next phase of its corporate strategy for China, marked by new public-private collaborative programs within the country that deliver upon Cisco's $16 billion multiyear innovation and sustainability initiative.
  • Marking the next evolution of its network-enabled Data Center 3.0 vision to transform the data center into a virtualized environment providing anytime, anywhere access to content on any device, Cisco announced the Cisco NexusTM 7000 and 5000 Series of data center-class switches, introduced industry-leading interoperability through an ecosystem of application and systems partners, and accelerated adoption with a data center channel partner enablement strategy.
  • Cisco introduced the Cisco® ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Routers, designed to help service provider and enterprise edge networks simultaneously host an ever-increasing array of resource-intensive integrated data, voice and video business and consumer services.

Q4 Business Highlights

Acquisitions and Investments

  • Cisco completed the acquisitions of Denmark-based DiviTech A/S, a leader in the digital-service management (DSM) market, and Nuova Systems, Inc., a startup focused on the development of next-generation products for the data center market.
  • Cisco announced its intent to purchase Pure Networks, Inc., a privately-held, Seattle-based leader in home networking management software and tools.
  • Cisco announced an investment in the Almaz Capital / Cisco Fund I, a venture capital fund targeting investments in technology-sector and communications-sector startups in Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), initially closing the fund at $60 million.

New Products

  • Cisco introduced a personal Cisco TelePresenceTM system for use in individual offices and a large Cisco TelePresence room designed for large-attendee group training and cross-geography team meetings.
  • Cisco introduced Cisco Motion, a new business mobility architecture that integrates mobile devices, applications, security and disparate networks into a unified platform.
  • Cisco announced a video surveillance solution enabled on the Cisco Integrated Services Router platform that incorporates video surveillance network modules into the router, thereby converging physical security over an IP network.
  • Cisco introduced advancements for the Cisco Digital Media System that will help organizations enhance their customers' experiences, facilitate learning and improve employee productivity.
  • Cisco announced the expansion of virtualization capabilities across its data center portfolio to help customers realize more operationally efficient and energy-conserving IT operations.
  • Cisco, together with Sprint and Ciena, announced the implementation of 40 Gbps circuits on the Global Sprint Tier 1 IP Network, to support the needs of Sprint customers who are looking to adopt next-generation services, grow their businesses and enable their employees to conduct day-to-day tasks simply and immediately.
  • Cisco announced enhancements to its Internet Protocol over dense wavelength-division multiplexing technology, designed to help service providers deliver a wide array of services to businesses and consumers and push service provider networks into the "zettabyte era."
  • Linksys by Cisco announced router setup support for Mac OS X.
  • Linksys by Cisco announced the Simultaneous Dual-N Band Wireless Router (WRT610N), designed to enhance the entertainment experience for consumers who wish to take advantage of the ever-increasing availability of digital media content, including high-definition video.

Select Customer Announcements

  • Cisco and Harrah's Operating Company announced a broad-based, 10-year global strategic agreement under which Harrah's plans to deliver compelling next-generation guest experiences through the use of Cisco products, thereby helping Harrah's effort to remain at the forefront of innovation in the casino entertainment industry.
  • Cisco announced that Kent School District in the state of Washington, the Brevard School District in Florida and School District No. 23 in Kelowna, B.C. have each deployed Cisco switching and wireless technologies to enhance student performance, improve safety and reduce operating expenses.
  • Tata Communications announced the launch of its Telepresence services, the first-ever offering to deliver both private and public Cisco TelePresence rooms to businesses across the world.
  • Cisco announced that Russia's largest commercial bank, Sberbank, deployed the 17 millionth Cisco Unified IP device sold worldwide, as part of a solution to help introduce new customer services.
  • Cisco announced that BT Global Services intends to deploy the new Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Routers.
  • Japan's Jupiter Telecommunications Co. Ltd. (J:COM) selected Cisco® DPC3000 DOCSIS cable modems to enable delivery of ultra-high-speed broadband with speeds up to 160 Mbps.

Milestones

  • Cisco announced a three-year, $45 million (RMB 300 million) commitment to support reconstruction efforts in China's earthquake-devastated Sichuan Province.
  • The prime minister of Portugal signed an agreement with Cisco to help bridge the anticipated information and communications technology skills gap through the expansion of the Cisco Networking Academy® from 100 to 350 academies across Portugal.

Editor's Note:

  • Q4 and FY 2008 conference call to discuss Cisco's results along with its business outlook will be held at 1:30 p.m. Pacific Time, Tuesday, August 5, 2008. Conference call number is 888-848-6507 (United States) or 212-519-0847 (international).
  • Conference call replay will be available from 4:30 p.m. Pacific Time, August 5, 2008 to 4:30 p.m. Pacific Time, August 12, 2008 at 866-357-4205 (United States) or 203-369-0122 (international). The replay also will be available via webcast from August 5, 2008 through October 17, 2008 on the Cisco Investor Relations website at http://www.cisco.com/go/investors.
  • Additional information regarding Cisco's financials, as well as a webcast of the conference call with visuals designed to guide participants through the call, will be available at 1:30 p.m. Pacific Time, August 5, 2008. Text of the conference call's prepared remarks will be available within 24 hours of completion of the call. The webcast will include both the prepared remarks and the question-and-answer session. This information, along with GAAP reconciliation information, will be available on the Cisco Investor Relations Website at http://www.cisco.com/go/investors.
  • A Q&A with Cisco's Chairman and CEO John Chambers and CFO Frank Calderoni about Q4 and FY 2008 results will be available at http://newsroom.cisco.com.
  • To view a video of Cisco's CFO discussing the quarter and year-end results, visit Cisco's blog site, The Platform, at http://blogs.cisco.com.

About Cisco

Cisco (NASDAQ: CSCO) is the worldwide leader in networking that transforms how people connect, communicate and collaborate. Information about Cisco can be found at http://www.cisco.com. For ongoing news, visit http://newsroom.cisco.com.

# # #

This release may be deemed to contain forward-looking statements, which are subject to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include, among other things, statements regarding future events (such as our vision of the Internet, our entry into new and adjacent markets, our expansion plans, the power of our business model, and our ability to take advantage of market transitions and drive toward our long-term growth objectives) and the future financial performance of Cisco that involve risks and uncertainties. Readers are cautioned that these forward-looking statements are only predictions and may differ materially from actual future events or results due to a variety of factors, including: business and economic conditions and growth trends in the networking industry, our customer markets and various geographic regions; global economic conditions and uncertainties in the geopolitical environment; overall information technology spending; the growth and evolution of the Internet and levels of capital spending on Internet-based systems; variations in customer demand for products and services, including sales to the service provider market and other customer markets; the timing of orders and manufacturing and customer lead times; changes in customer order patterns or customer mix; insufficient, excess or obsolete inventory; variability of component costs; variations in sales channels, product costs or mix of products sold; our ability to successfully acquire businesses and technologies and to successfully integrate and operate these acquired businesses and technologies; increased competition in our product and service markets; dependence on the introduction and market acceptance of new product offerings and standards; rapid technological and market change; manufacturing and sourcing risks, including risks related to our lean manufacturing model; product defects and returns; litigation involving patents, intellectual property, antitrust, shareholder and other matters, and governmental investigations; natural catastrophic events; a pandemic or epidemic; our ability to achieve the benefits anticipated from our investments in sales and engineering activities; our ability to recruit and retain key personnel; our ability to manage financial risk; risks related to the global nature of our operations, including our operations in emerging markets; currency fluctuations and other international factors; potential volatility in operating results; and other factors listed in Cisco's most recent reports on Form 10-K and Form 10-Q. The financial information contained in this release should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Cisco's most recent reports on Form 10-K and Form 10-Q, as each may be amended from time to time. Cisco's results of operations for the three and twelve months ended July 26, 2008 are not necessarily indicative of Cisco's operating results for any future periods. Any projections in this release are based on limited information currently available to Cisco, which is subject to change. Although any such projections and the factors influencing them will likely change, Cisco will not necessarily update the information, since Cisco will only provide guidance at certain points during the year. Such information speaks only as of the date of this release.

This release includes non-GAAP net income, non-GAAP net income per share data, shares used in non-GAAP net income per share calculation and non-GAAP inventory turns.

These non-GAAP measures are not in accordance with, or an alternative for measures prepared in accordance with, generally accepted accounting principles and may be different from non-GAAP measures used by other companies. In addition, these non-GAAP measures are not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles. Cisco believes that non-GAAP measures have limitations in that they do not reflect all of the amounts associated with Cisco's results of operations as determined in accordance with GAAP and that these measures should only be used to evaluate Cisco's results of operations in conjunction with the corresponding GAAP measures.

Cisco believes that the presentation of non-GAAP net income, non-GAAP net income per share data and shares used in non-GAAP net income per share calculation, when shown in conjunction with the corresponding GAAP measures, provides useful information to investors and management regarding financial and business trends relating to its financial condition and results of operations. In addition, Cisco believes that the presentation of non-GAAP inventory turns provides useful information to investors and management regarding financial and business trends relating to inventory management based on the operating activities of the period presented.

For its internal budgeting process, Cisco's management uses financial statements that do not include employee share-based compensation expense, impact to cost of sales from purchase accounting adjustments to inventory, payroll tax on stock option exercises, compensation expense related to acquisitions and investments, in-process research and development, amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, significant gains and losses on publicly traded equity securities, the income tax effects of the foregoing, tax effects of post-acquisition integration of intangible assets from significant acquisitions, and significant effects of retroactive tax legislation. Cisco's management also uses the foregoing non-GAAP measures, in addition to the corresponding GAAP measures, in reviewing the financial results of Cisco.

For additional information on the items excluded by Cisco from one or more of its non-GAAP financial measures, refer to the Form 8-K regarding this release furnished today to the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Copyright ©2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco, the Cisco logo, Cisco Nexus, Cisco TelePresence, Cisco Systems, Linksys, Networking Academy and WebEx are registered trademarks or trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and certain other countries. DOCSIS is a registered trademark of Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. This document is Cisco Public Information.


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In millions, except per-share amounts)
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended Twelve Months Ended
July 26, 2008
July 28, 2007
July 26, 2008
July 28, 2007
NET SALES:
Product $ 8,640 $ 7,942 $ 33,099 $ 29,462
Service 1,724 1,491 6,441 5,460
Total net sales 10,364 9,433 39,540 34,922
COST OF SALES:
Product 3,061 2,820 11,631 10,548
Service 637 545 2,425 2,038
Total cost of sales 3,698 3,365 14,056 12,586
GROSS MARGIN 6,666 6,068 25,484 22,336
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Research and development 1,306 1,178 5,153 4,499
Sales and marketing 2,164 1,973 8,380 7,215
General and administrative 518 431 2,007 1,513
Amortization of purchased intangible assets 149 109 499 407
In-process research and development - 74 3 81
Total operating expenses 4,137 3,765 16,042 13,715
OPERATING INCOME 2,529 2,303 9,442 8,621
Interest income, net 188 197 824 715
Other income (loss), net (31) 31 (11) 125
Interest and other income (loss), net 157 228 813 840
INCOME BEFORE PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES 2,686 2,531 10,255 9,461
Provision for income taxes 672 601 2,203 2,128
NET INCOME $ 2,014 $ 1,930 $ 8,052 $ 7,333
Net income per share:
Basic $ 0.34 $ 0.32 $ 1.35 $ 1.21
Diluted $ 0.33 $ 0.31 $ 1.31 $ 1.17
Shares used in per-share calculation:
Basic 5,898 6,062 5,986 6,055
Diluted 6,034 6,275 6,163 6,265

RECONCILIATION OF GAAP TO NON-GAAP NET INCOME
(In millions, except per-share amounts)
Three Months Ended Twelve Months Ended
July 26, 2008
July 28, 2007
July 26, 2008
July 28, 2007
GAAP net income $ 2,014 $ 1,930 $ 8,052 $ 7,333
Employee share-based compensation expense 258 222 1,025 931
Payroll tax on stock option exercises 3 10 23 36
Compensation expense related to acquisitions and investments 68 29 427 93
In-process research and development - 74 3 81
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets 203 157 732 563
Total adjustments to GAAP income before provision for income taxes 532 492 2,210 1,704
Income tax effect (151) (154) (677) (603)
Effect of retroactive tax legislation - - - (60)
Total adjustments to GAAP provision for income taxes (151) (154) (677) (663)
Non-GAAP net income $ 2,395 $ 2,268 $ 9,585 $ 8,374
Diluted net income per share:
GAAP $ 0.33 $ 0.31 $ 1.31 $ 1.17
Non-GAAP $ 0.40 $ 0.36 $ 1.56 $ 1.34
Shares used in diluted net income per share calculation:
GAAP 6,034 6,275 6,163 6,265
Non-GAAP 6,018 6,263 6,153 6,249

Additional reconciliations between GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures are provided in the tables that follow on page 11.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
$ 53,340
July 26, 2008 July 28, 2007
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 5,191 $ 3,728
Investments 21,044 18,538
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $177 at July 26, 2008 and $166 at July 28, 2007 3,821 3,989
Inventories 1,235 1,322
Deferred tax assets 2,075 1,953
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 2,333 2,044
Total current assets 35,699 31,574
Property and equipment, net 4,151 3,893
Goodwill 12,392 12,121
Purchased intangible assets, net 2,089 2,540
Other assets 4,403 3,212
TOTAL ASSETS $ 58,734
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt $ 500 $ -
Accounts payable 869 786
Income taxes payable 107 1,740
Accrued compensation 2,428 2,019
Deferred revenue 6,197 5,391
Other current liabilities 3,757 3,422
Total current liabilities 13,858 13,358
Long-term debt 6,393 6,408
Income taxes payable 749 -
Deferred revenue 2,663 1,646
Other long-term liabilities 669 438
Total liabilities 24,332 21,850
Minority interest 49 10
Shareholders' equity 34,353 31,480
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY $ 58,734 $ 53,340

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
Twelve Months Ended
July 26, 2008 July 28, 2007
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $ 8,052 $ 7,333
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 1,744 1,413
Employee share-based compensation expense 1,025 931
Share-based compensation expense related to acquisitions and investments 87 34
Provision for doubtful accounts 34 6
Deferred income taxes (772) (622)
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation (413) (918)
In-process research and development 3 81
Net gains and impairment charges on investments (103) (210)
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable 171 (597)
Inventories 104 61
Lease receivables, net (488) (156)
Accounts payable 62 (107)
Income taxes payable and receivable 178 1,104
Accrued compensation 351 479
Deferred revenue 1,812 1,293
Other assets (361) (452)
Other liabilities 603 431
Net cash provided by operating activities 12,089 10,104
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of investments (22,399) (20,532)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments 19,990 17,368
Acquisition of property and equipment (1,268) (1,251)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired (398) (3,684)
Change in investments in privately held companies (101) (92)
Other (17) (151)
Net cash used in investing activities (4,193) (8,342)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Issuance of common stock 3,117 5,306
Repurchase of common stock (10,441) (7,681)
Proceeds from the termination of interest rate swaps 432 -
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation 413 918
Other 46 126
Net cash used in financing activities (6,433) (1,331)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 1,463 431
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of fiscal year 3,728 3,297
Cash and cash equivalents, end of fiscal year $ 5,191 $ 3,728

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts to conform to the current year's presentation.

ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
July 26, 2008 July 28, 2007
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND INVESTMENTS
Cash and cash equivalents $ 5,191 $ 3,728
Fixed income securities 19,869 17,297
Publicly traded equity securities 1,175 1,241
Total $ 26,235 $ 22,266
INVENTORIES
Raw materials $ 111 $ 173
Work in process 53 45
Finished goods:
Distributor inventory and deferred cost of sales
452 544
Manufactured finished goods
381 314
Total finished goods 833 858
Service-related spares 191 211
Demonstration systems 47 35
Total $ 1,235 $ 1,322
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Land, buildings, and leasehold improvements $ 4,445 $ 4,022
Computer equipment and related software 1,770 1,605
Production, engineering, and other equipment 4,839 4,264
Operating lease assets 209 181
Furniture and fixtures 439 394
11,702 10,466
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (7,551) (6,573)
Total $ 4,151 $ 3,893
OTHER ASSETS
Deferred tax assets $ 1,770 $ 1,060
Investments in privately held companies 706 643
Income tax receivable - 277
Lease receivables, net(1) 862 539
Financed service contracts(2) 588 377
Other 477 316
Total $ 4,403 $ 3,212
DEFERRED REVENUE
Service $ 6,133 $ 4,840
Product
Unrecognized revenue on product shipments and other deferred revenue
2,152 1,769
Cash receipts related to unrecognized revenue from two-tier distributors
575 428
Total product deferred revenue 2,727 2,197
Total $ 8,860 $ 7,037
Reported as:
Current $ 6,197 $ 5,391
Noncurrent 2,663 1,646
Total $ 8,860 $ 7,037

Note:
(1) The current portion of lease receivables, net, which was $554 million and $389 million as of July 26, 2008 and July 28, 2007, respectively, is recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets.

(2) The current portion of financed service contracts, which was $730 million and $476 million as of July 26, 2008 and July 28, 2007, respectively, is recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets. These financed service contracts primarily relate to technical support services, and the associated revenue is deferred and recognized ratably over the period during which the services are to be performed, which is typically from one to three years.

SUMMARY OF EMPLOYEE SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION EXPENSE
(In millions)
Three Months Ended Twelve Months Ended
July 26, 2008
July 28, 2007
July 26, 2008
July 28, 2007
Cost of sales-product $ 10 $ 6 $ 40 $ 39
Cost of sales-service 28 25 108 104
Employee share-based compensation expense in cost of sales 38 31 148 143
Research and development 71 66 295 289
Sales and marketing 110 98 434 392
General and administrative 39 27 148 107
Employee share-based compensation expense in operating expenses 220 191 877 788
Total employee share-based compensation expense $ 258 $ 222 $ 1,025 $ 931

The income tax benefit for employee share-based compensation expense was $83 million and $330 million for the fourth quarter and for fiscal 2008, respectively, and $77 million and $342 million for the fourth quarter and for fiscal 2007, respectively.

RECONCILIATION OF SHARES USED IN THE GAAP AND NON-GAAP DILUTED NET INCOME PER SHARE CALCULATION
(In millions)
Three Months Ended Twelve Months Ended
July 26, 2008
July 28, 2007
July 26, 2008
July 28, 2007
Shares used in diluted net income per share calculation-GAAP 6,034 6,275 6,163 6,265
Effect of SFAS 123(R) (16) (12) (10) (16)
Shares used in diluted net income per share calculation-Non-GAAP 6,018 6,263 6,153 6,249

RECONCILIATION OF GAAP TO NON-GAAP COST OF SALES USED IN INVENTORY TURNS
(In millions)
Three Months Ended
July 26, 2008 April 26, 2008
July 28, 2007
GAAP cost of sales $ 3,698 $ 3,486 $ 3,365
Employee share-based compensation expense (38) (37) (31)
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets (54) (57) (48)
Non-GAAP cost of sales $ 3,606 $ 3,392 $ 3,286