News Release

Cisco Reports Third Quarter Earnings

SAN JOSE, CA -- May 9, 2012 - Cisco (NASDAQ: CSCO) Q3 Net
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SAN JOSE, CA -- May 9, 2012 - Cisco (NASDAQ: CSCO)

  • Q3 Net Sales: $11.6 billion (increase of 7% year over year)
     
  • Q3 Net Income: $2.2 billion GAAP (increase of 20% year over year); $2.6 billion non-GAAP (increase of 11% year over year)
     
  • Q3 Earnings per Share: $0.40 GAAP (increase of 21% year over year); $0.48 non-GAAP (increase of 14% year over year)
     

Cisco, the worldwide leader in networking that transforms how people connect, communicate and collaborate, today reported its third quarter results for the period ended April 28, 2012. Cisco reported third quarter net sales of $11.6 billion, net income on a generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) basis of $2.2 billion, or $0.40 per share, and non-GAAP net income of $2.6 billion, or $0.48 per share.

"We delivered solid results this quarter with record revenue and non-GAAP earnings per share," said John Chambers, Cisco chairman and CEO. "We are successfully executing against our long-term strategic plan of growing profit faster than revenue, and in a cautious IT spending environment, we continue to outperform our competitors."

Chambers continued, "In a world of clouds, video and mobile device proliferations, the role of the intelligent network has never been greater and our value proposition with our customers is the strongest it has ever been. Our vision and strategy is focused on the right market transitions, and I want to thank our shareholders, employees, customers and partners for their ongoing commitment to Cisco."

 
 
 
GAAP Results
 
    Q3 2012   Q3 2011   Vs. Q3 2011
Net Sales   $ 11.6 billion   $ 10.9 billion   6.6%
Net Income   $ 2.2 billion   $ 1.8 billion   19.8%
Earnings per Share   $ 0.40   $ 0.33   21.2%
                 
Non-GAAP Results
 
    Q3 2012   Q3 2011   Vs. Q3 2011
Net Income   $ 2.6 billion   $ 2.3 billion   10.9%
Earnings per Share   $ 0.48   $ 0.42   14.3%
                 
                 
                 

Net sales for the first nine months of fiscal 2012 were $34.4 billion, compared with $32.0 billion for the first nine months of fiscal 2011. Net income for the first nine months of fiscal 2012, on a GAAP basis, was $6.1 billion, or $1.13 per share, compared with $5.3 billion, or $0.94 per share, for the first nine months of fiscal 2011. Non-GAAP net income for the first nine months of fiscal 2012 was $7.5 billion, or $1.38 per share, compared with $6.8 billion, or $1.22 per share, for the first nine months of fiscal 2011.

A reconciliation between net income on a GAAP basis and non-GAAP net income is provided in the table on page 5.

Cisco will discuss third quarter results and business outlook in a conference call and webcast at 1:30 p.m. Pacific Time today. Call information and related charts are available at http://investor.cisco.com.

Other Financial Highlights

  • Cash flows from operations were $3.0 billion for the third quarter of fiscal 2012, compared with $3.1 billion for the second quarter of fiscal 2012, and compared with $3.0 billion for the third quarter of fiscal 2011.
     
  • Cash and cash equivalents and investments totaled $48.4 billion at the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2012, compared with $46.7 billion at the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2012, and compared with $44.6 billion at the end of fiscal 2011.
     
  • During the third quarter of fiscal 2012, Cisco repurchased 27 million shares of common stock under its stock repurchase program at an average price of $20.28 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $550 million. As of April 28, 2012, Cisco had repurchased and retired 3.6 billion shares of Cisco common stock at an average price of $20.47 per share for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $74.3 billion since the inception of the stock repurchase program. The remaining authorized amount for stock repurchases under this program is approximately $7.7 billion with no termination date. During the third quarter of fiscal 2012, Cisco also paid a cash dividend of $0.08, or $432 million.
     
  • Days sales outstanding in accounts receivable (DSO) at the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2012 were 31 days, compared with 31 days at the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2012, and compared with 37 days at the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2011.
     
  • Inventory turns on a GAAP basis were 11.5 in the third quarter of fiscal 2012, compared with 11.1 in each of the second quarter of fiscal 2012 and the third quarter of fiscal 2011. Non-GAAP inventory turns were 11.1 in the third quarter of fiscal 2012, compared with 10.8 in the second quarter of fiscal 2012, and compared with 10.3 in the third quarter of fiscal 2011.
     

Select Global Business Highlights

  • Cisco announced its intent to acquire NDS Group Ltd., a provider of video software and content security solutions. The acquisition is expected to help Cisco's ability to transform how service providers and media companies deliver next-generation video experiences to subscribers.
  • Cisco completed the acquisition of privately held Lightwire, Inc. Lightwire develops advanced optical interconnect technology for high-speed networking applications. The acquisition is expected to allow Cisco to deliver cost-effective, high-speed networks with the next generation of optical connectivity.
  • Cisco acquired privately held ClearAccess, Inc. The acquisition enhances Cisco's network management capabilities and enables service providers to better deliver, manage and monetize their services.
  • Cisco announced strategic investments in Brazil to foster innovation, transformation and socio-economic development.

Cisco Innovation

  • Cisco announced it has updated its cloud-ready switching portfolio to enhance network virtualization with simplicity and scale.
  • Cisco announced a successful demonstration and validation of its coherent 100G dense wavelength division multiplexing solution, exceeding 3,000 km in reach without the need for regeneration. This distance is 50 percent farther than any non-Raman alternative solution on the market today.
  • Cisco introduced the industry's first carrier-grade, end-to-end Wi-Fi infrastructure to deliver next-generation hotspots. The technology is designed to deliver seamless mobile experiences and enables operators to support a continuing expansion of mobile traffic, devices and new services.
  • Cisco announced innovations across the Cisco Unified Computing System® (UCS) that quadruple memory capacity, double switching capacity and simplify management for large-scale Cisco UCS® deployments.
  • Cisco introduced new Linksys Smart Wi-Fi Routers with app-enabled capabilities for new home experiences. The three new routers offer wireless performance and support for Cisco Connect® Cloud.
  • Cisco announced it expanded its small business product portfolio with new wireless access points, routers, switches, unified communications and partner-managed service offerings.
  • Cisco and NetApp announced FlexPod was the first data center infrastructure solution to be validated by Microsoft for the updated Microsoft Private Cloud Fast Track 2.0 program.

Select Customer Announcements

  • TELUS announced it has deployed key components of the Cisco Videoscape™ platform to extend its Optik TV services to mobile devices.
  • Cisco announced it has been chosen by Fastway Transmissions Private Ltd. to facilitate cable digitization deployment across its customer base in India. Fastway is expected to deploy more than two million next-generation digital set-top boxes from Cisco during the next two years.
  • Magyar Telekom rolled out 4G LTE services with Cisco mobile internet solutions. Magyar Telekom is Hungary's largest telecommunications company.
  • IPLAN chose Cisco technology for its newest data center which is expected to be launched in June 2012. IPLAN is a leader in telecommunications and cloud computing services for small and medium-sized businesses in Argentina.
  • Videotron launched its enhanced illico digital TV service with Cisco's HD set-top box platform. Videotron is a leading Canadian telecommunications operator providing communications and broadband entertainment services.
  • Peru Credit Bank implemented the Cisco Unified Communications system to increase business flexibility and reduce costs.
  • Kabel Deutschland (KD) selected Cisco CRS-3 routers for its Internet Protocol Next-Generation Network core to meet demand for video and broadband services. KD is Germany's largest cable operator.
  • Netelligent announced that it will collaborate with Desktone, Inc. to offer cloud-hosted virtual desktops. These cloud-based solutions will include Cisco UCS, the Desktone desktops-as-a-service (DaaS) platform and NetApp storage systems.

Editor's Note:

  • Q3 FY 2012 conference call to discuss Cisco's results along with its business outlook will be held at 1:30 p.m. Pacific Time, Wednesday, May 9, 2012. Conference call number is 888-848-6507 (United States) or 212-519-0847 (international).
  • Conference call replay will be available from 4:30 p.m. Pacific Time, May 9, 2012 to 4:30 p.m. Pacific Time, May 16, 2012 at 866-493-8039 (United States) or 203-369-1749 (international). The replay also will be available via webcast from May 9, 2012 through July 20, 2012 on the Cisco Investor Relations website at http://investor.cisco.com.
  • Additional information regarding Cisco's financials, as well as a webcast of the conference call with visuals designed to guide participants through the call, will be available at 1:30 p.m. Pacific Time, May 9, 2012. Text of the conference call's prepared remarks will be available within 24 hours of completion of the call. The webcast will include both the prepared remarks and the question-and-answer session. This information, along with GAAP reconciliation information, will be available on the Cisco Investor Relations website at http://investor.cisco.com.

About Cisco

Cisco (NASDAQ: CSCO) is the worldwide leader in networking that transforms how people connect, communicate and collaborate. Information about Cisco can be found at http://www.cisco.com. For ongoing news, please go to http://newsroom.cisco.com.

This release may be deemed to contain forward-looking statements, which are subject to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include, among other things, statements regarding future events (such as statements regarding our ability to execute our long-term strategic plan, our competitive performance, the role of the intelligent network, our value proposition with customers and our strategy regarding market transitions) and the future financial performance of Cisco that involve risks and uncertainties. Readers are cautioned that these forward-looking statements are only predictions and may differ materially from actual future events or results due to a variety of factors, including: business and economic conditions and growth trends in the networking industry, our customer markets and various geographic regions; global economic conditions and uncertainties in the geopolitical environment; overall information technology spending; the growth and evolution of the Internet and levels of capital spending on Internet-based systems; variations in customer demand for products and services, including sales to the service provider market and other customer markets; the return on our investments in certain priorities, including our foundational priorities, and in certain geographical locations; the timing of orders and manufacturing and customer lead times; changes in customer order patterns or customer mix; insufficient, excess or obsolete inventory; variability of component costs; variations in sales channels, product costs or mix of products sold; our ability to successfully acquire businesses and technologies and to successfully integrate and operate these acquired businesses and technologies; increased competition in our product and service markets, including the data center; dependence on the introduction and market acceptance of new product offerings and standards; rapid technological and market change; manufacturing and sourcing risks; product defects and returns; litigation involving patents, intellectual property, antitrust, shareholder and other matters, and governmental investigations; natural catastrophic events; a pandemic or epidemic; our ability to achieve the benefits anticipated from our investments in sales, engineering, service, marketing and manufacturing activities; our ability to recruit and retain key personnel; our ability to manage financial risk, and to manage expenses during economic downturns; risks related to the global nature of our operations, including our operations in emerging markets; currency fluctuations and other international factors; changes in provision for income taxes, including changes in tax laws and regulations or adverse outcomes resulting from examinations of our income tax returns; potential volatility in operating results; and other factors listed in Cisco's most recent reports on Form 10-K and 10-Q filed on September 14, 2011 and February 21, 2012, respectively. The financial information contained in this release should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Cisco's most recent reports on Form 10-K and 10-Q, as each may be amended from time to time. Cisco's results of operations for the three and nine months ended April 28, 2012 are not necessarily indicative of Cisco's operating results for any future periods. Any projections in this release are based on limited information currently available to Cisco, which is subject to change. Although any such projections and the factors influencing them will likely change, Cisco will not necessarily update the information, since Cisco will only provide guidance at certain points during the year. Such information speaks only as of the date of this release.

This release includes non-GAAP net income, non-GAAP net income per share data and non-GAAP inventory turns.

These non-GAAP measures are not in accordance with, or an alternative for, measures prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and may be different from non-GAAP measures used by other companies. In addition, these non-GAAP measures are not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles. Cisco believes that non-GAAP measures have limitations in that they do not reflect all of the amounts associated with Cisco's results of operations as determined in accordance with GAAP and that these measures should only be used to evaluate Cisco's results of operations in conjunction with the corresponding GAAP measures.

Cisco believes that the presentation of non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per share data when shown in conjunction with the corresponding GAAP measures, provides useful information to investors and management regarding financial and business trends relating to its financial condition and results of operations. In addition, Cisco believes that the presentation of non-GAAP inventory turns provides useful information to investors and management regarding financial and business trends relating to inventory management based on the operating activities of the period presented.

For its internal budgeting process, Cisco's management uses financial statements that do not include, when applicable, share-based compensation expense, amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, other acquisition-related costs, significant asset impairments and restructurings, the income tax effects of the foregoing, and significant tax matters. Cisco's management also uses the foregoing non-GAAP measures, in addition to the corresponding GAAP measures, in reviewing the financial results of Cisco. In prior periods, Cisco has excluded other items that it no longer excludes for purposes of its non-GAAP financial measures. From time to time in the future, there may be other items, such as significant gains or losses from contingencies that Cisco may exclude for purposes of its internal budgeting process and in reviewing its financial results.

For additional information on the items excluded by Cisco from one or more of its non-GAAP financial measures, refer to the Form 8-K regarding this release furnished today to the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Copyright © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco, the Cisco logo, Cisco Systems, Cisco Connect, Cisco UCS, Cisco Unified Computing System, and Cisco Videoscape are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. A listing of Cisco's trademarks can be found at www.cisco.com/go/trademarks. Third party trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. This document is Cisco Public Information.

   
   
   
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS  
(In millions, except per-share amounts)  
(Unaudited)  
   
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    April 28,
2012
    April 30,
2011
    April 28,
2012
    April 30,
2011
 
NET SALES:                                
  Product   $ 9,106     $ 8,669     $ 27,176     $ 25,605  
  Service     2,482       2,197       7,195       6,418  
                                 
    Total net sales     11,588       10,866       34,371       32,023  
                                 
COST OF SALES:                                
  Product     3,563       3,437       10,776       10,068  
  Service     856       770       2,471       2,280  
                                 
    Total cost of sales     4,419       4,207       13,247       12,348  
                                 
GROSS MARGIN     7,169       6,659       21,124       19,675  
                                 
OPERATING EXPENSES:                                
  Research and development     1,358       1,430       4,072       4,339  
  Sales and marketing     2,383       2,446       7,230       7,292  
  General and administrative     562       466       1,611       1,376  
  Amortization of purchased intangible assets     96       103       292       419  
  Restructuring and other charges     20       31       225       31  
                                 
    Total operating expenses     4,419       4,476       13,430       13,457  
                                 
                                 
OPERATING INCOME     2,750       2,183       7,694       6,218  
  Interest income     161       161       483       477  
  Interest expense     (151 )     (153 )     (449 )     (480 )
  Other income, net     19       12       45       143  
                                 
    Interest and other income, net     29       20       79       140  
                                 
INCOME BEFORE PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES     2,779       2,203       7,773       6,358  
Provision for income taxes     614       396       1,649       1,100  
                                 
  NET INCOME   $ 2,165     $ 1,807     $ 6,124     $ 5,258  
                                 
                                 
Net income per share:                                
Basic   $ 0.40     $ 0.33     $ 1.14     $ 0.95  
                                 
Diluted   $ 0.40     $ 0.33     $ 1.13     $ 0.94  
                                 
                                 
Shares used in per-share calculation:                                
Basic     5,388       5,508       5,383       5,545  
                                 
Diluted     5,456       5,537       5,418       5,596  
                                 
Cash dividends declared per common share   $ 0.08     $ 0.06     $ 0.20     $ 0.06  
   
   
   
RECONCILIATION OF GAAP TO NON-GAAP NET INCOME  
(In millions, except per-share amounts)  
   
   
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    April 28, 2012     April 30, 2011     April 28, 2012     April 30, 2011  
                                 
GAAP net income   $ 2,165     $ 1,807     $ 6,124     $ 5,258  
                                 
  Adjustments to cost of sales:                                
    Share-based compensation expense     51       60       155       182  
    Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets(1)     99       102       276       367  
    Significant asset impairments and restructurings     (5 )     120       (26 )     120  
                                 
  Total adjustments to GAAP cost of sales     145       282       405       669  
                                 
  Adjustments to operating expenses:                                
    Share-based compensation expense     286       340       879       1,055  
    Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets(1)     96       103       292       419  
    Other acquisition-related costs     14       14       29       123  
    Significant asset impairments and restructurings(3)     20       31       225       31  
                                 
  Total adjustments to GAAP operating expenses     416       488       1,425       1,628  
                                 
                                 
  Total adjustments to GAAP income before provision for income taxes     561       770       1,830       2,297  
                                 
  Income tax effect     (121     (228 )     (464 )     (652 )
                                   
  Significant tax matters(2)     --       --       --       (65 )
                                 
  Total adjustments to GAAP provision for income taxes     (121 )     (228 )     (464 )     (717 )
                                 
Non-GAAP net income   $ 2,605     $ 2,349     $ 7,490     $ 6,838  
                                 
Diluted net income per share:                                
GAAP   $ 0.40     $ 0.33     $ 1.13     $ 0.94  
                                 
Non-GAAP   $ 0.48     $ 0.42     $ 1.38     $ 1.22  
     
(1)   Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets for the first nine months of fiscal 2011 includes impairment charges of approximately $155 million, with $63 million recorded in product cost of sales and $92 million in operating expenses.
     
(2)   In the second quarter of fiscal 2011, the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 reinstated the U.S. federal R&D tax credit, retroactive to January 1, 2010. GAAP net income for the first nine months of fiscal 2011 included a $65 million tax benefit related to fiscal 2010 R&D expenses. Non-GAAP net income for the first nine months of fiscal 2011 excluded the $65 million tax benefit related to fiscal 2010 R&D expenses.
     
(3)   Restructuring and other charges for the first nine months of fiscal 2012 includes a $2 million credit for share based compensation related to forfeitures of unvested awards.
     
     

A reconciliation between GAAP to non-GAAP inventory turns is provided on page 9.

 
 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
 
    April 28, 2012   July 30, 2011
ASSETS            
Current assets:            
  Cash and cash equivalents   $ 6,461   $ 7,662
  Investments     41,951     36,923
  Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $216 at April 28, 2012 and $204 at July 30, 2011     3,980     4,698
  Inventories     1,497     1,486
  Financing receivables, net     3,709     3,111
  Deferred tax assets     2,104     2,410
  Other current assets     1,510     941
  Total current assets     61,212     57,231
Property and equipment, net     3,634     3,916
Financing receivables, net     3,518     3,488
Goodwill     17,006     16,818
Purchased intangible assets, net     2,134     2,541
Other assets     3,650     3,101
TOTAL ASSETS   $ 91,154   $ 87,095
             
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY            
Current liabilities:            
  Short-term debt   $ 83   $ 588
  Accounts payable     903     876
  Income taxes payable     453     120
  Accrued compensation     2,626     3,163
  Deferred revenue     8,568     8,025
  Other current liabilities     4,491     4,734
  Total current liabilities     17,124     17,506
Long-term debt     16,286     16,234
Income taxes payable     1,698     1,191
Deferred revenue     4,080     4,182
Other long-term liabilities     588     723
Total liabilities     39,776     39,836
Total equity     51,378     47,259
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY   $ 91,154   $ 87,095
   
   
   
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS  
(In millions)  
(Unaudited)  
   
   
    Nine Months Ended  
    April 28,
2012
    April 30,
2011
 
Cash flows from operating activities:                
  Net income   $ 6,124     $ 5,258  
  Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:                
    Depreciation, amortization, and other     1,816       1,813  
    Share-based compensation expense     1,032       1,237  
    Provision for doubtful accounts     20       (1 )
    Deferred income taxes     75       (37 )
    Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation     (57 )     (65 )
    Net gains on investments     (38 )     (185 )
    Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and divestitures:                
      Accounts receivable     660       603  
      Inventories     (113 )     (105 )
      Financing receivables, net     (737 )     (1,089 )
      Other assets     (495 )     190  
      Accounts payable     34       (103 )
      Income taxes, net     151       (192 )
      Accrued compensation     (451 )     (265 )
      Deferred revenue     482       537  
      Other liabilities     (100 )     (341 )
                 
        Net cash provided by operating activities     8,403       7,255  
                 
Cash flows from investing activities:                
  Purchases of investments     (32,690 )     (30,303 )
  Proceeds from sales of investments     19,591       14,942  
  Proceeds from maturities of investments     7,930       14,134  
  Acquisition of property and equipment     (830 )     (930 )
  Acquisition of businesses, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired     (333 )     (266 )
  Purchases of investments in privately held companies     (299 )     (179 )
  Return of investments in privately held companies     212       93  
  Other     175       48  
                 
        Net cash used in investing activities     (6,244 )     (2,461 )
                 
Cash flows from financing activities:                
  Issuances of common stock     1,115       1,516  
  Repurchases of common stock     (2,868 )     (5,564 )
  Short-term borrowings maturities less than 90 days, net     (505 )     392  
  Issuances of debt, maturities greater than 90 days     --       4,109  
  Repayments of debt, maturities greater than 90 days     --       (3,000 )
  Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation     57       65  
  Dividends paid     (1,076 )     (329 )
  Other     (83 )     71  
                 
        Net cash used in financing activities     (3,360 )     (2,740 )
                 
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents     (1,201 )     2,054  
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period     7,662       4,581  
                 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period   $ 6,461     $ 6,635  
                 
                 

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period's presentation.

   
   
ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION  
(In millions)  
(Unaudited)  
   
             
    April 28, 2012     July 30, 2011  
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND INVESTMENTS                
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 6,461     $ 7,662  
Fixed income securities     40,437       35,562  
Publicly traded equity securities     1,514       1,361  
Total   $ 48,412     $ 44,585  
                 
INVENTORIES                
Raw materials   $ 114     $ 219  
Work in process     37       52  
Finished goods:                
  Distributor inventory and deferred cost of sales     629       631  
  Manufactured finished goods     437       331  
Total finished goods     1,066       962  
Service-related spares     202       182  
Demonstration systems     78       71  
Total   $ 1,497     $ 1,486  
                 
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET                
                 
Land, buildings, and building & leasehold improvements   $ 4,547     $ 4,760  
Computer equipment and related software     1,454       1,429  
Production, engineering, and other equipment     5,286       5,093  
Operating lease assets     291       293  
Furniture and fixtures     489       491  
      12,067       12,066  
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization     (8,433 )     (8,150 )
Total   $ 3,634     $ 3,916  
                 
OTHER ASSETS                
Deferred tax assets   $ 2,063     $ 1,864  
Investments in privately held companies     841       796  
Other     746       441  
Total   $ 3,650     $ 3,101  
                 
DEFERRED REVENUE                
Service   $ 8,778     $ 8,521  
Product:                
  Unrecognized revenue on product shipments and other deferred revenue     2,943       3,003  
  Cash receipts related to unrecognized revenue from two-tier distributors     927       683  
Total product deferred revenue     3,870       3,686  
Total   $ 12,648     $ 12,207  
                 
Reported as:                
Current   $ 8,568     $ 8,025  
Noncurrent     4,080       4,182  
Total   $ 12,648     $ 12,207  
 
 
 
SUMMARY OF SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION EXPENSE
(In millions)
 
    Three Months Ended   Nine Months Ended
    April 28,
2012
  April 30,
2011
  April 28,
2012
    April 30,
2011
Cost of sales -- product   $ 12   $ 16   $ 39     $ 47
Cost of sales -- service     39     44     116       135
                           
Share-based compensation expense in cost of sales     51     60     155       182
                           
Research and development     97     120     297       373
Sales and marketing     138     160     429       491
General and administrative     51     60     153       191
Restructuring and other charges     --     --     (2 )     --
                           
Share-based compensation expense in operating expenses     286     340     877       1,055
                           
Total share-based compensation expense   $ 337   $ 400   $ 1,032     $ 1,237
                           
                           

The income tax benefit for share-based compensation expense was $88 million and $271 million for the three and nine months ended April 28, 2012, respectively, and $107 million and $335 million for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2011, respectively.

   
   
RECONCILIATION OF GAAP TO NON-GAAP  
INVENTORY TURNS  
(In millions, except annualized inventory turns)  
   
    Three Months Ended  
    April 28, 2012     January 28, 2012     April 30, 2011  
                         
Annualized inventory turns- GAAP     11.5       11.1       11.1  
  Cost of sales adjustments     (0.4 )     (0.3 )     (0.8 )
Annualized inventory turns- non-GAAP     11.1       10.8       10.3  
                         
GAAP cost of sales   $ 4,419     $ 4,462     $ 4,207  
Cost of sales adjustments:                        
  Share-based compensation expense     (51 )     (54 )     (60 )
  Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets     (99 )     (90 )     (102 )
  Significant asset impairments and restructurings     5       16       (120 )
                         
Non-GAAP cost of sales   $ 4,274     $ 4,334     $ 3,925